Genre Theorists

John Hartley (1994) - Argues that 'genres are agents of ideological closure - they limit the meaning/potential of a given text.' – This suggests that genre acts are a straightjacket, limiting creative potential.

 Robert Hodge and Gunther Kress (1988) – say that genres ‘control the behaviour of producers of such texts, and the expectations of potential customers’ – also again suggests that genres can limit the creativity and often merely conform to the audience expectations.

 John Fiske (1987) – asserts that generic conventions ‘embody the crucial ideological concerns of the time in which they are popular’ -suggests that genres tell us something about the ‘way of the world in the time of which they are popular’.

 Rick Altman – argues that there is no such thing as “pure” genre anymore. Genre is progressive, and that it will always change. He says that generic conventions are very much a thing of the past. His theory suggests that audiences, in general have become tired of the same formula and more to keep them entertained.


 Genre: A type of music that has generally agreed characteristics.
 Sub Genre: A branch or offshoot of a genre which shares some characteristics but perhaps develops or challenges usual characteristics e.g. trap.

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